Commerce

　　Commerce:美国商务部是美国联邦行政部门之一，属于美国政府下属的一个执行部门；它由一位同时也是总统内阁成员的商务部长领导。负责美国国际贸易、进出口管制、贸易救济措施等的机构，成立于1903年2月14日，总部设在华盛顿特区宪法大道赫伯特C.胡佛大楼1401号。

　　美国商务部的主要职责包括:经济数据的统计和公布、进出口商品的管制、国外直接投资和外国人旅游事物的管理、进行各种经济调查以及社会调查、专利管理等。商务部长是总统的高级经济顾问，定期为政府推行的商务方面的政策提供分析报告。

　　商务部下属机构的职能部门包括:

　　1、经济分析局，负责收集、分析和发送关于国家的经济状况的数据。它的职责之一是计算和分析国民生产总值(GNP)。

　　2、出口管理局，负责颁发出口许可证，执行出口法律。

　　3、人口普查局，负责编辑和公布有关人口与经济的周期性数据。

　　4、经济发展管理局，对饱受慢性失业、不充分就业和低家庭收入困扰的地区的长期经济发展进行监督。它通过培育新的经济体以及为地方和州立机构以及私营公司提供援助等方式在这样的地区创造就业机会。

　　5、国际贸易管理局，负责促进美国与其他国家的贸易往来。

　　6、少数民族商业发展局，负责促进由少数民族群体的成员所拥有的商业的增长。

　　7、国家标准技术研究院，负责促进科学和技术在商业与工业领域的最大限度的利用。它负责建立度量衡的国家标准。

　　8、国家海洋和大气管理局，关注的领域包括陆地、海洋和北美洲五大湖、大气、天气、太空、鱼类和渔业，以及污染带来的影响。

　　9、国家技术信息服务局，负责收集政府和私人的研究报告和其他有关科技方面的分析，并公布于众。

　　10、国家电信与信息管理局，致力于改善政府和私人行业领域的通信状况。

　　11、专利和商标办公室，负责授予专利和注册商标。

　　12、美国旅行与旅游管理局，负责开发鼓励外国居民到美国旅行的项目。这个部门于1903年作为商务与劳工部而成立。1913年单独的劳工部成立了，最初的部门被改名为商务部。

Commerce: the U.S. Department of Commerce is one of the federal administrations of the United States, an executive branch of the United States government; it is headed by a Secretary of Commerce who is also a member of the president’s cabinet. The agency responsible for US international trade, import and export controls, trade remedies, etc., was established on February 14, 1903 and headquartered on Constitution Avenue in Washington, D.C. 1401 Hoover Building.

The main responsibilities of the U.S. Department of Commerce include the statistics and publication of economic data, the control of import and export commodities, the management of foreign direct investment and foreign tourism, the conduct of various economic surveys and social surveys, patent management, and so on. The Secretary of Commerce is the President’s senior economic adviser and regularly provides analytical reports on the government’s business policies.

The functional departments of the agencies under the Ministry of Commerce include:

1. The Bureau of Economic Analysis, which is responsible for collecting, analyzing and transmitting data on the economic situation of the country. One of its responsibilities is to calculate and analyze gross national product (GNP).

2. The Export Administration shall be responsible for issuing export licenses and enforcing export laws.

3. The Census Bureau is responsible for editing and publishing periodic data on population and economy.

4. The Economic Development Administration supervises the long-term economic development of areas plagued by chronic unemployment, underemployment and low household income. It creates jobs in such areas by nurturing new economies and providing assistance to local and state institutions as well as private companies.

5. The International Trade Administration is responsible for promoting trade between the United States and other countries.

6. The Minority Business Development Bureau, which is responsible for promoting the growth of businesses owned by members of ethnic minority groups.

7. The National Institute of Standards and Technology is responsible for promoting the maximum use of science and technology in the commercial and industrial fields. It is responsible for establishing national standards for weights and measures.

8. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration focuses on the areas of land, ocean and the Great Lakes of North America, the atmosphere, weather, space, fish and fisheries, as well as the effects of pollution.

9. The State Bureau of Technical Information Services is responsible for collecting government and private research reports and other scientific and technological analyses and making them public.

10. The State Telecommunications and Information Administration is committed to improving communications between the government and the private sector.

11. The Patent and Trademark Office is responsible for granting patents and registered trademarks.

12. The United States Travel and Tourism Administration is responsible for developing programs that encourage foreign residents to travel to the United States. This department was established in 1903 as the Ministry of Commerce and Labor. A separate Department of Labor was established in 1913, and the original department was renamed the Ministry of Commerce.

Commerce是属于美国政府下属的联邦行政部门之一，主要负责美国国际贸易、进出口管制、贸易救济措施等。